주제ㆍ제목ㆍ요지ㆍ주장

Final 1주차

1. 정확하게 모든 내용을 다 이해할 수 없다. 어휘 or 해석 or 이해 안 되는 것은 문맥적으로 느낌을 살려가며 읽어야한다. 그리고 반복되는 단어에 집중해야한다.

2. 앞에서 나왔던 A라는 말을 다시 뒤에서 A”로 반복하는데 A”를 이해하는 것이 쉽지않다. 그것을 캐치해야한다.

3. A라는 상황에서 B로 관점이 바뀔 때 그것을 이해할 수 있어야한다.

4. 글을 읽고나면 선택지가 2개에서 3개가 남을 것이다. 명확한 정답 1개를 선택한다기보다, 오답 1개 또는 2개를 걸러낸다. 오답의 근거는 무조건 지문에 존재한다.

5. 구체화가 나온다면 ‘집착’해라. 글을 이해하지 못해도 주장과 구체화를 연결시키면 정답이 나온다!

6. 초점이 되는 내용이 선택지에 있어야한다.

1. 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

Occasionally individuals do not merely come out as well as clearly state what is troubling them and instead select more indirect means of expressing their annoyance. One companion might talk to the various other in a way that is condescending and also indicates underlying hostility. Numerous other times, partners may mope and even frown without genuinely dealing with an issue. Companions may likewise merely prevent discussing an issue by swiftly switching over topics when the subject turns up or by being incredibly vague. Such indirect ways of expressing temper are not useful since they don’t provide the individual that is the target of the behaviors, an idea of exactly how to react. They understand their companion is irritated, but the absence of directness leaves them without advice regarding what they can do to solve the issue.

* condescend: 거들먹거리다 ** mope: 울적해하다

① 이성보다 감정에 호소하여 상대방을 설득해야 한다.

② 상대방의 기분을 상하게 하는 행동을 자제해야 한다.

③ 문제 해결을 위해서는 문제를 직접적으로 언급해야 한다.

④ 타인의 입장을 이해하려면 경청하는 자세를 가져야 한다.

⑤ 목표 달성을 방해하는 문제점을 지속적으로 파악해야 한

2. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

Official definitions of sport have important implications. When a definition emphasizes rules, competition, and high performance, many people will be excluded from participation or avoid other physical activities that are defined as “second class.” For example, when a 12-year-old is cut from an exclusive club soccer team, she may not want to play in the local league because she sees it as “recreational activity” rather than a real sport. This can create a situation in which most people are physically inactive at the same time that a small number of people perform at relatively high levels for large numbers of fans ― a situation that negatively impacts health and increases health-care costs in a society or community. When sport is defined to include a wide range of physical activities that are played for pleasure and integrated into local expressions of social life, physical activity rates will be high and overall health benefits are likely.

① 운동선수의 기량은 경기 자체를 즐길 때 향상된다.

② 공정한 승부를 위해 합리적인 경기 규칙이 필요하다.

③ 스포츠의 대중화는 스포츠 산업의 정의를 바꾸고 있다.

④ 스포츠의 정의는 신체 활동 참여와 건강에 영향을 미친다.

⑤ 활발한 여가 활동은 원만한 대인 관계 유지에 도움이 된다.

3. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

Problem framing amounts to defining what problem you are proposing to solve. This is a critical activity because the frame you choose strongly influences your understanding of the problem, thereby conditioning your approach to solving it. For an illustration, consider Thibodeau and Broditsky’s series of experiments in which they asked people for ways to reduce crime in a community. They found that the respondents’ suggestions changed significantly depending on whether the metaphor used to describe crime was as a virus or as a beast. People presented with a metaphor comparing crime to a virus invading their city emphasized prevention and addressing the root causes of the problem, such as eliminating poverty and improving education. On the other hand, people presented with the beast metaphor focused on remediations: increasing the size of the police force and prisons.

① importance of asking the right questions for better solutions

② difficulty of using a metaphor to find solutions to a problem

③ reasons why problem framing prevents solutions from appearing

④ usefulness of preventive measures in reducing community crime

⑤ effect of problem framing on approaching and solving problems

4. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

A common error in current Darwinian thinking is the assumption that “selfish genes” are the prime mover in evolution. In strict Darwinism the prime mover is environmental threat. In the absence of threat, natural selection tends to resist change. It is un-biological to “explain” behavioural change as resulting from genetic change or the ex vacuo emergence of domain-specific brain modules. Evolutionary psychologists surely know why brains evolved: as Cosmides and Tooby point out, brains are found only in animals that move. Brains are behavioural organs, and behavioural adaptation, being immediate and non-random, is vastly more efficient than genetic adaptation. So, in animals with brains, behavioural change is the usual first response to environmental threat. If the change is successful, genetic adaptation to the new behaviour will follow more gradually. Animals do not evolve carnivore teeth and then decide it might be a good idea to eat meat.

* ex vacuo: 무(無)에서의 ** carnivore: 육식 동물

① Which Adapts First, Behaviour or Genes?

② The Brain Under Control of Selfish Genes

③ Why Animals Eat Meat: A Story of Survival

④ Genes Always Win the Battle Against Nature!

⑤ The Superior Efficiency of Genetic Adaptation

5. 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

Given the right conditions, entrepreneurship can be fully woven into the fabric of campus life, greatly expanding its educational reach. One study showed that, within the workplace, peers influence each other to spot opportunities and act on them: the more entrepreneurs you have working together in an office, the more likely their colleagues will catch the bug. A study of Stanford University alumni found that those “who have varied work and educational backgrounds are much more likely to start their own businesses than those who have focused on one role at work or concentrated in one subject at school.” To cultivate an entrepreneurial culture, colleges and universities need to offer students a broad choice of experiences and wide exposure to different ideas. They are uniquely positioned to do this by combining the resources of academic programming, residential life, student groups, and alumni networks.                     * entrepreneur: 기업가   ** alumni: 졸업생

① 훌륭한 기업가가 되기 위해서 관심 있는 한 분야에 집중해야 한다.

② 대학은 학생들이 기업가 정신을 함양하도록 환경을 조성해야 한다.

③ 좋은 직장을 얻기 위해서 학업과 대외 활동에 충실해야 한다.

④ 기업은 대학생들의 다양한 소모임 활동을 적극 지원해야 한다.

⑤ 대학생은 학업 성취를 위하여 경험과 생각의 폭을 넓혀야 한다.

3 2020년 0

6. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

Music is a human art form, an inseparable part of the human experience everywhere in the world. Music is social, and tightly woven into the tapestry of life, and young children are very much a part of this multifaceted fabric. The musical experiences they have provide opportunities for them to know language, behaviors, customs, traditions, beliefs, values, stories, and other cultural nuances. As they become musically skilled through experiences in song and instrumental music, young children can also grow cultural knowledge and sensitivity. Music is an extremely important aspect of culture, shaping and transmitting the above-mentioned aspects that characterize groups of people. Exposing young children to the world’s musical cultures brings them into the cultural conversation, allowing them to learn about self and others in an artistically meaningful and engaging way. Prior to the development of social biases and cultural preferences that all too easily turn into prejudices, the opportunity to know people through song, dance, and instrument play is a gift to all who work for the well-balanced development of young children into the responsible citizens they will one day become.

* tapestry: 색색의 실로 수놓은 장식 걸개  ** multifaceted: 다면의

① 아이들의 균형 잡힌 성장을 위해서는 다양한 경험이 중요하다.

② 사회적 편견과 문화적 선호도는 서로 밀접하게 관련되어 있다.

③ 어린 나이에 다양한 음악에 노출되면 예술적 감각이 향상된다.

④ 음악을 포함한 예술은 특정 문화에 대한 당대의 사회적 시각을 반영한다.

⑤ 음악은 아이들을 사회･문화적으로 균형 잡힌 시민으로 성장하게 해 준다.

7. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점]

Conventional wisdom in the West, influenced by philosophers from Plato to Descartes, credits individuals and especially geniuses with creativity and originality. Social and cultural influences and causes are minimized, ignored, or eliminated from consideration at all. Thoughts, original and conventional, are identified with individuals, and the special things that individuals are and do are traced to their genes and their brains. The “trick” here is to recognize that individual humans are social constructions themselves, embodying and reflecting the variety of social and cultural influences they have been exposed to during their lives. Our individuality is not denied, but it is viewed as a product of specific social and cultural experiences. The brain itself is a social thing, influenced structurally and at the level of its connectivities by social environments. The “individual” is a legal, religious, and political fiction just as the “I” is a grammatical illusion.

① recognition of the social nature inherent in individuality

② ways of filling the gap between individuality and collectivity

③ issues with separating original thoughts from conventional ones

④ acknowledgment of the true individuality embodied in human genes

⑤ necessity of shifting from individualism to interdependence

8. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

The discovery that man’s knowledge is not, and never has been, perfectly accurate has had a humbling and perhaps a calming effect upon the soul of modern man. The nineteenth century, as we have observed, was the last to believe that the world, as a whole as well as in its parts, could ever be perfectly known. We realize now that this is, and always was, impossible. We know within limits, not absolutely, even if the limits can usually be adjusted to satisfy our needs. Curiously, from this new level of uncertainty even greater goals emerge and appear to be attainable. Even if we cannot know the world with absolute precision, we can still control it. Even our inherently incomplete knowledge seems to work as powerfully as ever. In short, we may never know precisely how high is the highest mountain, but we continue to be certain that we can get to the top nevertheless.

① Summits Yet to Be Reached: An Onward Journey to Knowledge

② Over the Mountain: A Single But Giant Step to Success

③ Integrating Parts into a Whole: The Road to Perfection

④ How to Live Together in an Age of Uncertainty

⑤ The Two Faces of a Knowledge-Based Society