2020 경찰대 1차 영어 시험 번역본(1번~15번)

1~15번, 16~30, 31~45 이렇게 3부분으로 나누어서 올릴 예정입니다

1차 시험 광탈자이지만 번역본이라도 만들어서 올릴께요

1. Procrastination becomes a major problem in your work life when important tasks or responsibilities are left undone or are completed in a slipshod manner because inadequate time was left to complete the task properly.

1. 미루는 버릇은 일을 제대로 끝내는데 시간이 부족해서 중요한 일이나 책임을 다 끝내지 못했거나 엉성한 태도로 일을 끝냈을 때 당신의 직장 생활에 중대한 문제가 됩니다.  

2. A worldwide financial crisis began in the last half of 1997, when the currencies of several Asian economies plummeted in value.

2. 전 세계적인 금융 위기는 몇몇 아시아 경제들의 화폐의 가치가 폭락했을 때인 1997년의 3분기에 시작했습니다. 

3. If you can’t weave quotations deftly into the fabric of your prose, abjure them altogether and paraphrase instead

3. 만약 너가 인용구들을 너의 산문의 뼈대가 되도록 교묘히 엮지 못한다면, 같이 묶는 것을 포기하고 대신 다른 말로 바꿔 표현하라.

4. The increasing power of the personal computer is making it possible to develop applications that are smarter and more responsive to the user. Anyone who has used a spelling or a grammar checker has experienced this type of application at a very rudimentary level.

4. 개인 컴퓨터의 늘어나는 능력은 더 똑똑하고 사용자에게 더 잘 반응하는 애플리케이션을 개발하는 걸 가능하게 합니다. 스펠링이나 문법에서 틀린 게 있는지 알려주는 걸 사용한 사람은 이런 종류의 애플리케이션을 매우 기초적인 수준에서 경험했습니다. 

5. One reason to think that written languages will look more or less like they do now is the fact that so far they have proved extremely tenacious. The Chinese system has changed little in more than 3,000 years, and Modern Greek is written with an alphabet that has been used for almost as long.

5. 문어체(文語體)가 지금처럼 비슷하게 유지될 것이라고 생각하는 이유 중 하나는 지금까지 문어체는 매우 지속적임을 보였기 때문입니다. 중국어의 체계는 3,000년동안 매우 조금 바뀌었고, 현대 그리스어는 거의 비슷한 기간동안 사용되었던 알파벳으로 쓰고 있습니다. 

6. Lacking a clear formula for making decisions, we get reactive and fall back on familiar, comfortable ways to decide what to do. As a result, we haphazardly select approaches that don’t support our goals.

6. 결정을 내리는데 분명한 공식이 부족하면, 우리는 거기에 반응을 하고 친숙하고 편안한 방법으로 후퇴하여 무엇을 할 지 결정합니다. 결과적으로, 우리는 우리의 목표를 지원해주지 않는 접근 방법을 우연히 선택합니다. 

7. As with the question of the date ①at which European antiquarianism was superseded by archaeology, it is not easy to suggest a specific date when the writings of ‘early travellers’ and the collecting of Egyptian antiquities ②became transformed into something approaching the modern discipline of Egyptology. Most histories of Egyptian archaeology, however, see the Napoleonic expedition at the beginning of the 19th century as the first systematic attempt to record and describe the standing remains of pharaonic Egypt. The importance of the Desc/2ion del’Egyptek , which was the multi-volume publication that ③resulted from the expedition, lay not only in its high standards of accuracy but also in the fact that ④they constituted a continuous and internally consistent appraisal by a group of scholars, thus ⑤providing the first real assessment of ancient Egypt in its entirety.

7. 유럽의 골동품 연구가 고고학에 의해 대체된 것이 언제 일어난 것인가라는 질문처럼, ‘고대 여행객’들의 수기들과 이집트 골동품 수집이 현대 이집트학으로 접근하는 것으로 언제 변화한 것인지 구체적인 시기를 구하는 것은 쉽지 않습니다. 그러나, 대부분의 이집트 고고학의 역사들은 19세기 초반에 있었던 나폴레옹의 원정이 고대 이집트의 남은 잔해들을 기록하고 조사했던 최초의 체계적인 시도였다고 봅니다. 원정의 결과로 만들어진 여러 권의 책들인 Desc/2ion del’Egyptek(프랑스어. 이집트에 대한 서술이라는 의미)의 중요성은 그것의 정확성의 높은 기준에만 있는 것이 아니라 많은 학자들로부터 지속적이고 심적으로 한결 같은 찬사를 받았다는 것에 있고, 그러므로 첫 번째로 고대 이집트 전체의 진정한 평가를 제공한 것입니다. 

8. Fire destroys about 350 ①million ha (1,350 mi2) of forest every year. Some fires are set by humans to cover up illegal logging or land clearing. Others are started by natural causes. The greatest fire hazard in the world is in sub-Saharan Africa, which accounts for about ②half the global total. Uncontrolled fires tend to be ③worst in countries with corrupt or ineffective governments and high levels of poverty, civil unrest, and internal refugees. ④As global climate change brings drought and insect infestations to many parts of the world, there’s a worry ⑤which forest fires may increase catastrophically

8. 화재는 매년 약 3억 5천만 헥타르에 달하는 숲을 파괴합니다. 어떤 화재들은 불법 벌목, 개간의 흔적을 지우기 위해 인간들이 일으킵니다. 나머지 화재들은 자연적인 이유로 시작합니다. 가장 큰 화재 위험지대는 아프리카 사하라 사막 이남지역이고, 이곳에서만 세계 절반의 화재가 발생합니다. 억제가 안되는 화재들은 부패했거나 비효율적인 정부, 높은 빈곤 수준, 사회의 불안정성과 내부 난민들의 문제를 안고 있는 국가들에서 제일 안 좋은 결과를 냅니다. 세계적인 기후 변화가 가뭄과 곤충 개체수의 폭발적인 증가를 세계 곳곳에 일으키기 때문에, 산림 화재가 대재앙 수준으로 증가할 수 있다는 걱정도 있습니다. 

9. If contemporary experience ①has taught us anything, surely it is the need for a president to hit the ground running. The difference between Reagan’s quick start and Clinton’s stumble put one on the path toward ②a succession of legislative triumphs and the other on the road to a debacle in health care and a loss of Congress. Had Clinton not been as agile as he was in recovering in late 1993 and then again in 1995, he ③would be a one-term president. As it was, he never became the transformational figure he had hoped. In most institutions, the power of a leader grows over time. A CEO, a university president, the head of a union, acquire stature through the quality of their long-term performance. The presidency is ④just the opposite: power tends to evaporate quickly. It’s not that a president must rival Franklin Roosevelt in his First Hundred Days, but his first months in office are usually the widest window of opportunity he will have, ⑤even if he serves two full terms. That’s why he has to move fast.

9. 현대의 경험이 우리에게 가르쳐 준 것이 있다면, 그것은 당연히 대통령이 일을 잘해 나가는 것의 필요성일 것이다. 레이건의 빠른 시작과 클린턴의 헛디딤 사이의 차이는 한 명에게는 입법에서의 연속적인 승리로 향하는 길을 주었고(여당이 의회 의석을 많이 가져갔다) 한 명에게는 의료 서비스의 실패와 의회를 잃는 길을 주었다(여당이 의회 의석을 적게 가져감). 클린턴이 1993년 후반과 1995년에 회복할 때처럼 민첩하지 않았다면, 그는 재선에 실패했을 것이다. 그렇게 클린턴은 되길 바랬던 변형적인 모습(정확한 뜻을 모르겠음… 진보적인 정책과 보수적인 정책을 둘 다 채택하는 뜻인걸로 추정하고 있음)은 되지 못하였다. 대부분의 기관에서 리더의 권력은 시간이 지나면서 커진다. CEO, 대학교 총장, 연맹의 회장은 그들의 장기적인 성과의 질로 위상을 얻는다. 대통력직은 이의 반대이다: 권력은 빠르게 증발해버린다. 이 말은 대통령이 첫 100일동안(이때 지지도가 임기 중 가장 높으므로) 프랭클린 루스벨트와 경쟁을 벌이는 것이 아니라(프랭클린 루스벨트의 업적을 넘으려고 노력하는 것을 의미) 설사 연임을 한다고 해도 백악관에 앉아있는 처음 몇 달이 대통령이 가질 수 있는 기회의 스펙트럼이 가장 넓다는 것을 의미한다. 이러기 때문에 대통령은 빠르게 움직여야 한다.

10. The book, “Superforecasting: Arts and Science of Prediction,” opens with a discussion of Archie Cochrane, a Scottish doctor born in 1909, who did more than perhaps anyone else to transform medicine from a black art into a ①fully fledged science. His insight—deeply controversial half a century ago—was that a doctor’s qualifications, eminence and confidence are ②irrelevant and that the only test of a treatment’s effectiveness was whether it could be shown, statistically and rigorously, to work. Mr. Tetlock, the author of the book, hopes to bring about a similar rigor to how people ③analyze forecasts of the future. That will be an ④easy struggle. Prediction, like medicine in the early 20th century, is still mostly based on ⑤eminence rather than evidence.

10. “슈퍼예측, 그들은 어떻게 미래를 보았는가” (한국어 번역본 제목)이라는 책은 의학을 마법에서 완벽한 과학으로 바꾸는데 아마 누구보다 더 많이 일조한 1909년 출생의 스코틀랜드 출신 의사인 알키 코크레인의 토론으로 시작한다. 반세기 전에는 매우 논란이 일었던 그의 통찰은 의사의 자격, 명성, 그리고 자신감은 서로 무관한 것이고, 오직 치료의 유효성의 검사만이 치료가 효과가 있다는 것을 전략적으로, 그리고 엄격하게 보여줄 수 있다는 것이다. 이 책의 작가인 테틀락 씨는 사람들이 미래의 예측을 분석(틀린 단어)할 때 이러한 엄격함을 다시 끌어내었으면 한다. 그것은 쉬운 싸움일 것이다. 20세기 초반의 의학 같은 ‘예측’은 대부분 아직까지도 증거 보다는 명성을 바탕으로 한다.

-> 마지막 문장 뜻: 미래를 예측하는 글들을 읽을 때 사람들이 그 예측을 입증할 만할 증거에 주목하는 것이 아닌, 으 예측을 하는 사람에게 주목한다라는 의미

11. Polling is like Internet dating. There is a little wiggle room in the ①veracity of information provided. We know that people ②shade the truth, particularly when the question asked are embarrassing or sensitive. Respondents may overstate their income. They may not ③deny that they do not vote. They may hesitate to express views that are unpopular or socially unacceptable. For all these reasons, even the most carefully designed poll is dependent on the ④integrity of the respondents’ answers. Election polls depend crucially on ⑤sorting those who will vote on Election Day from those who will not. Individuals often say they are going to vote because they think that is what pollsters want to hear. Studies that have compared self-reported voting behavior to election records consistently find that one-quarter to one-third of respondents say they voted when in fact they did not.

11. 투표는 랜선 연애와 같다. 제공되는 정보의 진실성에서 자유 재량권은 작다. 우리는 사람들은 특히 부끄럽거나 민감한 질문을 받았을 때 진실을 가린다는 것을 안다. 사람들은 자신들이 투표권을 행사하지 않았다는 것을 인정하지 않을 수도 있다. 사람들은 인기가 적거나 사회적으로 받아들이지 않는 시각을 드러내는데 망설일 수 있다. 이런 이유들로 인해, 가장 신중하게 설계된 투표는 응답자의 응답의 진실성(틀린 단어)에 의존적이다. 선거 투표는 투표일에 투표할 사람과 하지 않을 사람을 분류하는 것에 결정적으로 의존한다. 개인들은 여론 조사원은 투표하러 간다라는 대답을 원한다고 생각하기 때문에 그렇게 대답한다. 자기 보고 투표 행위와 선거 기록을 비교한 연구들은 계속 4분의 1에서 3분의 1정도의 응답자들이 투표를 하지 않았는데도 했다고 응답한 결과를 얻었다. 

12. Biologists classify organisms into species. Animals are said to belong to the same species if they tend to mate with each other, giving birth to (A) fertile/sterile offspring. Horses and donkeys have a recent common ancestor and share many physical traits. But they show little sexual interest in one another. They will mate if induced to do so—but their offspring are (B) fertile/sterile . Mutations in donkey DNA can therefore never cross over to horses, or vice versa. The two types of animals are consequently considered two distinct species, moving along (C) separate/similar evolutionary paths. By contrast, a bulldog and a spaniel may look very different, but they are members of the same species, sharing the same DNA pool. They will happily mate and their puppies will grow up to pair off with other dogs and produce more puppies.

12, 생물학자들은 생물을 종으로 분류합니다. 동물들은 서로 짝짓기를 해서 가임(임신이 가능한)/불임의 자손을 낳는다면 같은 종이라고 알려져 있습니다. 말과 당나귀는 같은 조상으로부터 최근에 갈라져 나왔고 여럿 신체적 특징이 비슷합니다. 그리나 상호간에 성적인 관심은 별로 없습니다. 그러나 짝짓기를 유도한다면 짝짓기를 합니다-그러나 자손은 가임/불임입니다. 그러므로 당나귀 DNA의 돌연변이는 말로 넘어갈 수 없고, 반대의 경우에도 마찬가지입니다. 두 종류의 동물들은 결과적으로 다른/비슷한 진화 과정을 거친 두개의 다른 멀리 떨어진 종으로. 여겨집니다. 이와 반대로, 불독과 스패니얼은 겉모습이 매우 다르지만, 같은 종의 일원이고 같은 유전자풀을 가지고 있습니다. 둘은 짝짓기를 당연하듯이 할 것이고 낳은 강아지들은 다른 개들과 눈이 맞아서 더 많은 강아지들을 낳을 것입니다. 

13. Big data has its drawbacks. The flood of information— some of it useful, some not—can (A) overwhelm/maximize one’s ability to quickly and efficiently process data and take appropriate action. If we fail to create and utilize methodologies and tools for effectively using big data, we may continue to (B) evolve/drown in it. In the context of national security, lacking adequate big data tools could have profound, even deadly, consequences. However, there are steps that we can take now—steps that are already being taken in many cases—to ensure that we successfully (C) harness/renounce the power of big data.

13. 빅데이터는 나름의 결점들이 있습니다. 일부는 유용하고, 일부는 그러지 않은 정보의 홍수는 데이터를 빠르고 효율적으로 처리하고 적절한 행동을 취하는 개인의 능력을 (압도/극대화)시킬 수 있습니다. 만약에 우리가 빅데이터를 효율적으로 사용하는 방법론과 도구를 사용하고 도구화하는데 실패한다면, 우리는 계속 거기서 (진화/익사)할 수도 있습니다. 국가 안보의 맥락에서, 적절한 빅데이터 도구의 부족함은 깊고, 심지어 매우 위험한 결과들을 낳을 수 있습니다. 그렇지만, 우리가 빅데이터의 힘을 성공적으로 (마구를 채울 수 있게/포기할 수 있게) 보장할 수 있는 지금 시행할 수 있는 단계들이 있고, 이 단계들은 이미 많은 사례에서 시행되고 있습니다. 

마구: 말을 타거나 부리는데 쓰는 도구. 

14. America is not actually a “melting pot” in the sense that people from different backgrounds somehow all become the same. America has always included a great diversity of ideas, attitudes, and behaviors. ①For example, the constitutional separation of church and state, a fundamental principle present since early days in the United States, guarantees that people of all religion have the same freedoms and rights for worship and religious behavior. ② People of diverse religious backgrounds are not expected to “melt” together into one religion. ③Conflicts simply occur among people, whether of the same or different background. ④Other laws guarantee the equal rights of all people regardless of skin color, gender, and age. ⑤The United States does not even have an official national language—and many government and other publications in various geographical areas are offered in a variety of languages as well. In short, America as a nation has always recognized the realities and benefits of diversity.

14. 미국은 다른 배경을 가진 사람들이 같아졌다는 의미인 ‘용광로’는 사실 아니다. 미국은 항상 다양한 사상, 태도, 그리고 행동의 다양성이 매우 컸다. 예를 들어, 미국의 초기부터 근본적인 원칙이였던 헌법적 정교분리는 모든 종교의 사람들에게 같은 섬기거나 종교적 행위를 할 자유와 권리를 보장해준다. 다양한 종교 배경의 사람들은 하나의 종교로 ‘녹여질’ 것이라고 기대되지는 않는다. 갈등은 그저 배경이 같거나 다르거나 간에 사람들 간에 생기는 것이다. 다른 법들은 피부색, 성별과 나이에 상관없이 모든 사람들에게 같은 권리를 보장해준다. 미국은 심지어 공식적인 공용어도 없다-그리고 많은 정부들(주 정부들을 말하는 듯)과 다양한 지리적 지역에서의 다른 출판물들은 또한 다양한 언어로 제공되어진다. 줄여서, 국가로서의 미국은 항상 다양성의 현실과 이득을 인지하고 있었다. 

역자 TMI: 미국에서 실제로 영화 DVD를 사면 거의 항상 스페인어, 프랑스어, 독일어, 이탈리아어 더빙이 포함되어 있었습니다. 

15. No one questions that machines displace individual workers from certain jobs and that in the short run this often creates difficult problems. ①For example, the use of diesel engines and electric power by railroads has made obsolete the position of fireman—the employee who shoveled coal into the locomotive boiler that produced the steam for the train’s steam engine—but because of union support, railroads had to fill this position for many years after steam power ceased being used by trains. ②However, such problems are temporary. ③Ultimately, advances in machine technology tend to reduce costs and prices or to hold them down, and by enabling people to buy more goods, they create new employment opportunities. ④Machines reduce the need for human skills. ⑤If some industries employ fewer workers, others employ more. At the same time, new products are introduced and new industries are established.

15. 아무도 기계들이 개인 노동자들을 특정 직업에서 끌어내리고 이것이 단기적인 관점에서 어려운 문제들을 만들어낸다고 묻지 않는다. 예를 들어, 철로에서의 디젤 엔진과 전기의 사용은 기차의 증기 엔진에 사용될 증기를 만들어내는 기관차의 보일러에 석탄을 퍼넣는 기관사의 자리를 구식으로 만들었지만 조합의 지지로 인해서 철로들은 기차들이 증기 기관을 쓰는 걸 중단한지 몇 년 동안 이 자리를 계속 유지했습니다. 그러나, 이런 문제들은 일시적입니다. 궁극적으로, 기계 기술이 발전은 가격을 내리거나 낮은 가격을 유지시키고, 이는 사람들이 더 많은 상품을 살 수 있게 하고 이는 사람들이 더 많은 고용 기회를 만들게 합니다. 기계들은 사람들의 기술의 필요성을 줄입니다. 만약 어떤 기업들이 노동자들을 덜 고용한다면, 다른 기업들은 더 고용합니다. 그리고 같은 시간에 새로운 상품들이 소개되고 새로운 산업이 발달합니다. 

오역 태클 환영입니다.